The charge has been added by the addition of a proton (H +) not the addition or removal of electrons. Ammonia and ammonium have the same number of electrons in essentially the same electronic configuration but differ in protons. A simple example of this is the ammonium ion NH 4 + which can be formed by ammonia NH 3 accepting a proton, H +. Polyatomic and molecular ions are often formed by the combination of elemental ions such as H + with neutral molecules or by the gain of such elemental ions from neutral molecules. 1.1 Formation of polyatomic and molecular ionsįormation Formation of polyatomic and molecular ions.Ions are denoted in the same way as electrically neutral atoms and molecules except for the presence of a superscript indicating the sign of the net electric charge and the number of electrons lost or gained, if more than one. Polyatomic ions containing oxygen, such as carbonate and sulfate, are called oxyanions. Conversely, a positively-charged ion, which has fewer electrons than protons, is known as a cation ( Template:PronEng cat-eye-on).Īn ion consisting of a single atom is called a monatomic ion, but if it consists of two or more atoms, it is a polyatomic ion. Īn ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more valence electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge.Ī negatively charged ion, which has more electrons in its electron shells than it has protons in its nuclei, is known as an anion ( Template:PronEng an-eye-on). Areas colored red are lower in energy than areas colored yellowĮditor-In-Chief: C. An electrostatic potential map of the nitrate ion ( N O 3 −).
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